中國高等職業教育校企合作之法律保障機制探究

A Study on the Legal Safeguard Mechanism of the School-enterprise Cooperation in Higher Vocational Education: On the Revision of the Vocational Education Law of People’s Republic of China

中國高等教育自1999年實施規模擴張戰略以來，教育變革頻仍，成就斐然。高等職業教育從處於高等教育體系中的邊緣地位逐步發展演化成為高教系統中的中堅力量。其中，校企合作被視為高等職業教育發展之引擎與動力。但職教現場卻頻繁出現合作「一頭熱」現象，即合作成為職業院校單方面之需求，無法與企業共同搭建永續良好之合作框架。學界將校企合作存在之問題根源歸咎為中國《職業教育法》法條之滯後。修法工作亦是從2008年延續至今。本文梳理了職教法從改革開放後之發展歷程，並深入分析其存在之問題。針對所存在的問題，本文提出通過建構完善的校企合作法律法規保障機制、規範職教法之文本表述、反映當代職教發展脈絡並適度前瞻、完善配套行政法規、出臺校企合作法規明確企業權責等五方面為修法工作建言獻策。

China has achieved great successe since its expansion of higher education and a series of reforms afterwards since 1999.In the progress, the Higher Vocational Education (HVE) system stepped gradually into the center of the stage of the HE system due to the pivotal role of school enterprise cooperation. However, school-enterprise cooperation in practice seems to hang in the balance because of lacking the support of the enterprises, and thus it fails to build up a sustainable framework of both side. The fundamental point of this failure is rooted in the VE how which has been revised since 2008. This study analyzes the evoluation of VE Law，and probes into the problems that are not solved. Five policy implications are: improve the legal status of vocational education; formalize the canonical expression of VE law texts; reflect the development trend of Vocational Education and leading moderately; improve the supporting administrative regulations; and specify the rights and responsibilities of enterprises.