華德福教育神話教學蘊義之研究

A Study of the Significance of the Myth Education by Waldorf Pedagogy

神話教學是華德福教育相當特別的教學活動，其主張適時地接觸神話有助於兒童的發展。本研究即在人智學的理論基礎上，探討該教學活動，冀揭露其蘊義。具體地說，本研究探討以下問題：一、人智學觀點下的神話為何（what）？二、神話何以（why）有助兒童之發展？三、神話如何（how）促進兒童之發展？
本研究首先闡明神話學中各重要學派的神話觀，與人智學人類圖像的「四體」，進而分析R. Steiner的神話觀點及其教育意涵，以回應前列問題。準此，本研究提出四項結論：一、Steiner的人智學視神話為作為小宇宙的人類與大宇宙之連結。二、人類身心靈發展的精神意義可從神話中追溯。三、接觸神話對人類身心靈的發展有直接的促進作用。四、神話使人再度連結於世界、重拾生命的精神意義，此為華德福教育所欲達致者。

Myth education is a peculiars educational activity by Waldorf Pedagogy. It suggests that accessing myths at the right time is helpful to the development of children. Base on the theory of Anthroposophy, this study explores this educational activity to expose its significance. To be specific, the study explores following questions: 1. What is the myth from the viewpoint of Anthroposophy? 2. Why is the myth helpful to the development of children? 3. How does the myth facilitate the development of children?
This study illuminates the viewpoints of myth of various important schools of mythology and the “four bodies” in the human picture of Anthroposophy at first. Furthermore, this study analyzes Rudolf Steiner’s viewpoint of myth and its educational meaning to answer the questions listed above. Accordingly, four conclusions are put forward: 1. The myth is taken as the connection between human beings as a small cosmos and the big cosmos according to Steiner’s Anthroposophy. 2. The spiritual meaning of the development of the body, the spirit, and the soul of human being could be traced in the myth. 3. The myth could affect the development of the body, the spirit, and the soul of human directly. 4. The myth makes man reconnected to the world and regain the spiritual meaning of life. It is what Waldorf Pedagogy attempts to achieve.