華德福教育對於臺灣幼兒教育制度之啟示

The Lessons that Waldorf Education Has to Offer for the Preschool Education System in Taiwan

華德福教育源自於奧地利哲學家Steiner博士於1909年所提出的「人智學」（Anthroposophie），其辦學的基本原則有二：第一個原則是「心靈三元本質」；第二個原則是「三元化社會」。華德福幼兒園在臺灣之落實，係開始於1995年在臺中市創辦的臺灣第一所娃得福托兒所。本文欲採文獻研究法，並從Steiner教育理念之背景與精神，說明華德福幼兒園在臺灣之落實，以此提出華德福教育對臺灣幼兒教育制度之啟示為：一、提升幼教師之專業發展與認同之教學領導；二、提升親師合作之正向功能與家長參與的教育品質；三、重視幼兒品格教育之發展；四、提升幼兒心靈與靈性的發展；五、重視教師生命經驗的師資養成課程；六、強調身教、言教與境教對於幼兒學習發展之影響。

Waldorf Education derives from the concept of Anthroposhie (or Anthroposophy) that Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner put forward in 1909, and as such embodies two basic principles. The first principle is the three-fold nature of the human spirit. The second principle is the idea of the “three-fold society”. The history of Waldorf Education in Taiwan dates back to the founding of the first Waldorf Kindergarten in Taichung City in 1995. This study makes use of a documentary analysis approach. The study examines the implementation of Waldorf kindergartens in Taiwan in relation to Steiner’s education theories. The results obtained in the study suggest that Waldorf Education offers the following lessons for Taiwan’s preschool education system: (1) There is a need for vigorous educational leadership to strengthen the professional development and commitment of preschool teachers; (2) More needs to be done to enhance the positive functioning of collaboration between preschool teachers and parents, and to give parents more opportunity to participate in the process of improving the overall quality of education; (3) Greater emphasis is needed on character-building education at preschool level. (4) There is room for improvement in terms of strengthening young children’s emotional and spiritual development. (5) Preschool teacher training programs need to give more weight to teachers’ life experience. (6) More attention needs to be paid to the impact that physical education, the development of verbal skills, and environmental education can have on young children’s learning and development.