田徑選手深智慧態度、堅韌意志及運動焦慮之研究

The Study of Principle for Deep Knowledge, Mental Toughness and Sport Anxiety among Athletics

本研究最主要的目的是將習慣領域的九個深智慧原理視為田徑選手的態度，將「堅韌的意志」視為選手潛在的心理特質，並探討兩者與運動焦慮的關係。研究發現，田徑選手具備高程度的「深智慧」，其中以「低深原理」與「內部聯繫原理」特別高分。從相關性來看，「堅韌的意志」的「控制」與「信心」皆和「運動焦慮」呈負相關；而「堅韌的意志」的「控制」、「信心」與「承諾」皆和大部分的「深智慧」面向呈正相關，其中又以「信心」與「深智慧」正相關的面向最多。在逐步多元迴歸的結果顯示，「深智慧」的「內部聯繫原理」、「循環進化原理」、「對立與互補原理」、「矛盾原理」、「低深原理」與「空無原理」，能有效的預測「堅韌的意志」中的三個面向：「承諾」、「控制」與「信心」。因此，若能有效地擴展選手的習慣領域，使他們獲得九個深智慧態度，並發展策略以提升他們堅韌意志的程度，相信能降低在面對比賽壓力下所產生的運動焦慮，以幫助他們達到更好、更高的運動表現或成就。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the principle for deep knowledge (PDK) as attitude, mental toughness as a potential characteristic, and sport anxiety. The results found that athletics had higher levels of PDK, especially both of the principles for deep and down and inner connection had the highest level. Results of Pearson correlation found that the factors of control and confidence for mental toughness were negative correlated with sport anxiety; the factors of control, confidence and commitment for mental toughness were positive correlated with mostly PDK, especially the factor of confidence has the most positive significance. Furthermore, stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that PDK had significantly predicted mental toughness. Thus, it can be helpful to achieve higher performance by expanding athletics HDs to obtain the attitudes toward PDK, and to develop the strategies to enhance the levels of mental toughness, and to reduce the levels of sport anxiety.