大學生參與校外實習的行為意向認知研究：以餐旅科系為例

The Research on the Cognition of Behavior Intention for Outside Internship of College Students: an Example of Department of Hospitality Management

為因應大量的人才需求，減少學用落差的情況，近年來，國內外大學院校也開始積極規劃並推動「校外實習」制度，其目的在於透過企業實習以整合學校與業界的資源。鑑於國內觀光業的蓬勃發展，大學餐飲類別之科系近年來廣為設立，在此情況下，大學校院餐旅技職教育的「校外實習」制度，乃逐漸受到重視，但是面對服務業久站、工作量大、壓力大、重複性高的基層操作的考驗，常常冷卻了學生對餐飲業的熱情，因而在完成實習後，餐旅相關科系同學投入觀光產業的情況未如預期。鑑此，本研究期望透過計畫行為理論的結合與運用來探討影響大專校院餐旅系學生對於校外實習行為意向的認知影響因素，並進以探究實習對於學生未來職涯規劃影響。抽樣部分以中部地區大專校院餐旅系學生為研究對象，總計發出500份問卷，回收362份有效問卷，回收率為72.4%。研究結果發現，態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制會正向顯著影響實習參與者的行為意向；相較之下，實習者的行為意向則會對職涯規劃產生負向顯著影響。相關研究成果乃期提供大專院校餐旅科系、實習學生、實習單位乃至政府單位之人力資源選訓制度與留用策略之規劃酌參。

In the facing of difficulty in talent shortage and talent mismatch, outside internship of college students from Department of Hospitality Management has been adopted to avoid those problems. Since those who participate outside internship could lose their patience sooner after that we tried to figure the cognition of outside internship on students engaging in hospitality management in college schools. Based on reference review to build research frame, according to the result of analysis to compile a set of questionnaire, which has great reliability and effectiveness. Of the returned questionnaires from a matrix of 500 students of Department of Hospitality Management in the central area of Taiwan, 362 (72.4%) were valid. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) were conducted in the study, and the results are as below: the attitude, subjective norm, perceptive behavior control have significant positive effect on behavior intention, but behavior intention has significant negative effect on career planning relatively. The results are expected to provide suggestions regarding human resource systems and strategies of colleges, students, enterprises as well as government.