早期療育到宅服務對經濟弱勢家庭母親教養方式的影響   免費試閱

The Influence of Early-intervention Home Visiting Services on Economically Disadvantaged Mothers of Children with Developmental Delays

本研究旨在探討早期療育到宅服務對經濟弱勢家庭之母親教養方式的影響及其影響的因素。研究者採用質性研究，訪談10位接受早期療育到宅服務之經濟弱勢家庭母親，並進一步訪問6位早期療育到宅服務之教師與3位個案管理員，以更深入探究這些母親的教養方式。研究結果發現，就教養態度而言，到宅服務協助母親面對孩子的問題，有的母親進一步能認知教養孩子是自己的責任，積極協助孩子進行復健。在教養行為方面，有的母親模仿教師的教學，運用手足教導孩子，購買相同或類似的教材教具；有的母親已經能以遊戲的方式鼓勵、引導孩子學習，並利用從事家庭代工時，教導孩子練習精細的動作。有少數母親能舉一反三，積極主動協助其他家長。此外，有些母親透過教師的分享，瞭解其他母親的教養經驗，進一步建構彼此的交流管道。這些家庭的經濟壓力很大，不過母親的正向信念與能力，以及到宅服務後幼兒的進步會增進母親教養的正向態度與行為，而到宅服務相關人員與家長的良好關係與其他正式與非正式的支持系統也會提升家長教養孩子的能力。依據研究結果，研究者提出具體的建議。

The purposes of this study were to investigate the influence of early-intervention home visiting services on economically disadvantaged mothers with children with developmental delays and their influential factors. In this qualitative study, ten mothers, six home visitors and three case managers were interviewed. The results indicated that the parenting attitude was enhanced after home visiting services; most of the interviewed mothers could cooperate with home visitors, would be more actively involved in the rehabilitation of their children and regard the child rearing as their responsibility. In terms of parenting behaviors, these interviewed mothers followed the teachings of home visitors, bought the recommended toys from home visitors for their children and let their older brothers and sisters teach their siblings. Some mothers could interact with their children through arts of play; some used home OEM to train the fine-motor of their children. Few mothers could furthermore learn by analog and took the initiative to help other parents. In addition, some mothers shared information by phone or face-to-face meetings through the intermediary of home visitors. Most of these mothers felt great economic pressure, but the capability and characteristic of mothers and children, the relationship between home visitors and mothers, as well as other support systems also played important roles. Suggestions on early-intervention home visiting services were provided based on these research findings.