德國企業型大學之崛起及其爭辯   免費試閱

The Origins and Debates of Entrepreneurial Universities in Germany

1904年Weber訪問美國時即已指出，美國的競爭性企業型大學模式為未來發展趨勢。本文即以德國公立的企業型大學為探究主軸，依序探究其崛起、指導原則及其所引發之爭辯，並檢視Weber的預言。企業型大學的崛起為整體社會發展進程的一環，例如：《服務業貿易總協定》（General Agreement on Trades in Services, GATS）將教育部門歸類為服務業市場，而促動其邁向市場化；在此背景下，德國政府部門以新公共管理為指導原則，將行政機關轉型為服務型企業體，並影響做為公部門一環的公立大學由過去的「組群大學」轉型為企業型大學。企業型大學的指導原則，包含以競爭做為調控工具、以大學做為企業體、以學生做為顧客和以職場能力做為學習核心。企業型大學的崛起，引發了許多的爭辯，本文透過正反合辯證之不同意見，以釐清其意義。

When Max Weber visited the United States in 1904 he recognized the competitive, entrepreneurial style of American universities as the wave of the future. This paper is an investigation of the national entrepreneurial universities in Germany, including their origins, guiding principles, and the controversy they have generated. It was found that the entrepreneurial universities came into being as part of the overall development of German society. For example, the General Agreement on Trade in Services encourages the marketization of education by categorizing it as part of the service sector. Moreover, based on the principle of "new public management", the German government has reshaped its administrative units into "service companies". This has had a definite influence on public universities, and has also led to "Group University" of the past being converted into entrepreneurial universities. The guiding principles of entrepreneurial universities include: the use of competition as a control mechanism, the university as an enterprise, the student as customer, and the central importance of professional skills. Finally, this paper presents the various sides of the many controversies which have arisen in relation to the entrepreneurial university.