由於2008年以來的金融海嘯與歐債危機，西班牙經濟遭受重創，失業率攀升至史上最高，尤其是青年失業率。為有效舒緩早期輟學率與青年就業壓力，西班牙除推動各種振興經濟方案與樽節措施外，亦進行一連串的技職與培訓教育相關改革，並於2012年底制訂雙軌制職業與培訓教育相關法案，希冀藉此有效降低早期中輟率及高青年失業率。本研究旨在透過文件分析法解析西班牙雙軌技職教育新制相關內涵、改革現況、問題與挑戰。首先，探究西班牙技職教育與培訓政策的基本內涵與近期重要改革等面向；其次，解析西班牙雙軌制技職教育制度之發展脈絡與規劃內涵；最後，論述西班牙雙軌制技職教育面臨的挑戰及進行相關議題的反思。

Harshly affected by the financial tsunami of 2008 and the subsequent European sovereign debt crisis, Spain’s economy is clearly in recession. Under its worst unemployment figures ever recorded, youth have been particularly hit. For solving the problem of early school dropout and youth unemployment, the Spanish government not only has introduced plans for stimulating the economy and a strict austerity measures, but also has carried out the vocational education and training reform. At the end of 2012, a new Royal Decree on the dual vocational training system was passed, to directly address the aforementioned problems. The purpose of this study lays in the analysis of Spanish dual vocational education and training system, focusing on the relevant discussions and problems of this program. The research methods include literature review and document analysis. This study comprises three parts: an explanation of the current situation and reforms of Spanish vocational education and training policy, an examination of the development context of dual vocational training system in Spain, and an analysis of the basic elements and strategies of this area as well as its future challenges.