本文旨在以臺北的國家圖書館藏（明）精鈔彩繪本《太古遺音》為主，兼參諸臺北的世界書局再版的《太古遺音》與北京的中華書局出版的《新刊太音大全集》，從中比對彼此之異同，以提出（明）精鈔彩繪本《太古遺音》的「指法手勢圖」在古琴譜中的價值意義。首先，臺北的國家圖書館藏（明）精鈔彩繪本《太古遺音》有可能是罕見的孤本，然前人以為此書的編撰者乃（宋）田芝翁，經筆者多方考察的結果，在文獻無可考的情況下，對此說持保留闕疑的態度。
其次，從（明）精鈔彩繪本《太古遺音》與《新刊太音大全集》兩者逐一比對後發現，古琴譜在層層相襲而相互依存的情況下，實存在著異質同構的變化，特別是在「指法手勢圖」方面的差異尤其明顯，兩本琴譜中「指法手勢圖」的取捨保留著明代琴人的古琴音樂審美觀的最佳素材。最後，本文將提出透過（明）精鈔彩繪本《太古遺音》與《新刊太音大全集》中「指法手勢圖」的比對，可見明人在傳承古琴文化時，雖以固守古琴傳統為前提，然而，「指法手勢圖」卻呈現出在不同的背景下，傳譜、抄譜與製譜的過程中所產生的差異，這些差異隱涵著明人對古琴音樂的價值意義有不同認知的結果。

This paper aims to investigate the value and significance of Chinese Guqin musical iconography: “Fingering and Gesture Tablature”, a fine and colorful collection: Tai Gu Yi Yin in the Ming Dynasty. The author focuses on the edition which is kept in National Central Library in Taipei, Taiwan. The research also refers to the edition of Tai Gu Yi Yin reprinted by the World Journal Book Store in Taipei, and also to Xin Kan Tai Yin Da Quan Ji collected in Qin Qu Ji Cheng (“Grand Anthology of Guqin Music’’), published by the Zhonghua Book Company in Beijing.
Through classifying and comparing all of these Guqin musical iconographies: in “Fingering and Gesture Tablature”, the author indicates that Tai Gu Yi Yin kept in the National Central Library in Taipei might be the only surviving copy. It has previously been assumed that the compiler of Tai Gu Yi Yin was Tian, Zhi-Wong. However after the author’s exhaustive investigation of the literature, there is no clue to identify exactly who Tian, Zhi-Wong was. Therefore, the author leaves the question open.
Secondly, the author compares Tai Gu Yi Yin with Xin Kan Tai Yin Da Quan Ji. It is clear that although these two copies are almost the same, there are some differences between them with respect to the forms rather than the social and cultural issues, especially in “Fingering and Gesture Tablature”. Finally, the author identifies the differences between Tai Gu Yi Yin and Xin Kan Tai Yin Da Quan Ji; the aim of the transmission of Guqin music scores in the Ming Dynasty was not only to defend traditional academic values, but also to reflect the influence of different views concerning the value and significance of the appreciation of the beauty of Guqin music.