杜威《經驗與教育》一書所呈顯的教育願景   免費試閱

John Dewey’s Educational Visions as Explicated in His Experience and Education

一般以為杜威（John Dewey, 1859-1952）的《經驗與教育》（1938b）為《民主與教育》（1916a）之後以澄清教育立場、總結教育哲學為主旨的最重要教育論著，而研究者則以為該書更呈顯了其對於教育願景的主張。本研究乃以該書為主，配合其他著作，分五節闡述之。第一節，前言，說明本研究寫作的緣起與背景；第二至四節分別以「培養能形成目的、組織手段、採取明智行動的學習者」，「激勵能理解人性、運用環境、妥予適切指導的教育者」及「建立具民主理念、持續改革、辦理優質學校的好社會」說明杜威在該書所呈顯的教育願景；第五節，則指陳若干啟示以為結論。

While John Dewey’s Experience and Education (1938b), the most important educational writing after his Democracy and Education (1916a), is considered a work that clarifies his educational standpoints and captures succinctly the essentials of his philosophy of education, this author regards it as a book that reveals Dewey’s educational visions. This five-section paper aims at interpreting his educational visions by employing the book as main resource coupled with his other writings. The background of the paper is described in the first section. One item of Dewey’s educational visions is elaborated in each of the following three sections. They are, firstly, to cultivate learners that are capable to form their ends, organize appropriate means, and adopt intelligent actions, secondly, to encourage educators that are good at understanding human nature, arranging environments, and giving relevant directions and, thirdly, to establish a better society with democratic ideals, continuous reform, and excellent schools. In the fifth section, some implications are discussed.