杂乱有章：辅导机构学校化与学校辅导机构化─兼对校外“辅导热”的社会学分析

Orders in Disorders: Schooling and Tutoring Moving toward Each Other: A Sociological Analysis of the Outside-School “Tutoring Fever”

从近代学校的兴起到学校系统在工业化国家的确立再到其他国家的仿效,公共大众学校教育在全球推广普及。然学校教育对学业成绩的残酷投注而其自身在提升学业成绩上的能力不足,驱使家庭购买大量校外辅导及相关服务以助子女取得学业佳绩,这在一些国家业已成为学校教育的制度化组成部分。通过效法并补充学校教育同时辅以世界教育文化的助推,课外辅导(影子教育)得以在全球扩张并挑战着学校教育。辅导机构有望成为教育组织系统的有机构成;学校在课程设置、运作管理等方面亦呈现与辅导机构相似、兼容之端倪。学校与辅导机构在明争暗合中形影游移、界限模糊,衍生一种混合型教育组织或有可能。依此而论,消除校外“辅导热”大抵是个伪命题。

From the rise of modern schools to the establishment of schooling systems in industrialized countries and then to the expansion of mass schooling in other countries, the public mass schooling has been gaining popularity all over the world. Meanwhile, with its relentless focus on academic achievements as well as its own defect in promoting students’ academic performances, schooling are also driving families to buy lots of outside-school tutoring and the related services to help children to make better achievement, which has become a component of schooling institution. Emulating and supplementing schooling and promoted by the world educational culture, outside-school tutoring or shadow education has been expanding globally and challenging school education. Tutoring agencies may become a composition of education organization system. Schools also have showed similarity and compatibility with private tutoring in such aspects as curriculum and management. A combined education organization will probably be born from schools and tutoring agencies since the boundaries between the two are becoming vague while they are fighting openly but cooperating implicitly. In this sense, to eliminate the “tutoring fever” is impossible and thus a false proposition.