中小学的组织结构及其变革：基于三所学校的个案研究

Organizational Structure of Elementary and Secondary Schools and Its Transformation:

我国中小学组织结构究竟是一种怎样的状态?又如何看待这些年所进行的学校组织结构变革?三所学校(A 小学、B初中和C 高中)的三对组织结构图标明了三校十年间在高层管理职、中层管理职、低层管理职及基层员工职上发生的系列变化。一方面,三校在在组织结构变革的广度和深度方面表现出差异性,即随着学校由小学向初中再向高中的递升,它们在组织结构变革的范围、力度方面呈现出反向的递减趋向;另一方面,它们在走向分部化与分层化方面又表现出愈加明显的共同性。由此带来的学校组织的复杂化、集中化与正式化问题,亟待从多角度予以反思和定性。中小学组织结构变革,本质上取决于人们对学校组织的性质与类型的根本认识。

What is the status of the organizational structure in the elementary and secondary schools in China? The organization charts of three schools (elementary school A, junior high school B and senior high school C) show the profound changes during the past decade, in top management position, middle management position, lower management position and rank-and-file position. On one hand, schools at different level show differences in the breadth and depth of their organization structure reform. That is to say, with the grade increasing from elementary school to junior high school and to senior high school, there is a decreasing trend in the scope and intensity of their organizational transformation. On the other hand, there is also an obvious commonality towards departmentalization and hierarchicalization among the three schools. These changes led to the complicatedness, centrality and formalizing of school organization, which requires reflections from multiple perspectives to determine the nature. Organizational structure change of elementary and secondary schools essentially depends on the fundamental understanding of the essence and the type of school organization.