美国公立学校学生指导的专业化历程及经验启示

Professional Development Course of Student Guidance in D.S. Public Schools and its Enlightenment

现代形式的学生指导源于20世纪初的美国公立学校，四十年代中期起开始朝向专业化发展，至20世纪末，美国公立学校系统已普遍推行全方位的学生指导项目，由学校辅导员专职学生指导工作，业内有统一的专业标准和资格认证制度。回顾半个多世纪以来美国公立学校学生指导的专业化历程，既可增进我们对现代学生指导的认识和理解，也对探索适合我国学校的学生指导制度具有一定启示意义。

The modern form of student guidance originated from D.S. public schools at the start of the 20th century and it has professionalized since mid-1940s. By the end of 20th century, comprehensive guidance programs had been adopted by most of American public school system. Professional school counselor was mainly responsible for the guidance services, and there has recognized professional standard and certification system in the field. Reviewing the professionalizing course of student guidance in D.S. public schools will not only improve our knowledge and understanding of the modern student guidance, but also give us important enlightenment to explore the student guidance system suitable for our schools.