人口老龄化对美国基础教育公共投入的挑战:现状及其启示

The Challenge of Population Aging to Public Expenditure in American K-12 school: Status and its Enlightenment

美国经验研究验证了人口老龄化会促使政府将公共资源优先用于满足老年人偏好，这无形中对包括基础教育在内的其他公共产品供给产生压力，即产生人口老龄化对基础教育公共投入的挑战。基于美国经验研究梳理和我国现状的理论分析均说明，作为全球老龄化进程最为迅速以及老年人口规模最大的国家，人口老龄化同样对我国基础教育公共技入产生影响。当前，我国正处于跨越"中等收入陷阱"关键时期，提高基础教育质量、为劳动力市场培养高素质人力资源获得"人才红利"，这是成功跨越"陷阱"的基础与保障。因此，我们必须加强基于本土数据的动态监坪，及时发现问题，调整与完善基础教育财税社保政策;在妥善解决全球最大规模老年人养老问题的同时，将人口老静化对中国基础教育公共技入所产生的消极影响降到最低，切实保证基础教育财政充足与公平。

Many American experience researches have revealed that, aging population would make government tend to allocate public recourse priority for satisfying the elders' preference. As a result, it would bring challenge to allocate public input towards other affairs which do not satisfy the elders' preference, such as the K-12 education. Based on reviewing the American experience researches and theory analyzing China's current situation, aging population would also challenge the public input of basic education. Meanwhile, China is during the key period of crossing "Middle income trap" , improve the quality of basic education, and educate adequate high quality human resource are basis and guarantee of successfully crossing the trap. As a result, China must enhance the dynamic monitor and evaluation based on local data, find problems, modify and improve the basic education finance policies and other fiscal taxation policies immediately. While solving the problem of supporting the largest scale of old people in the world, minimizing the negative effect of aging population to public input of basic education, guarantee basic education finance adequacy and equity.