美国教育财政资助平等性诉讼与充足性诉讼辨析

An Analysis on the Difference between Equity Litigation and Adequacy Litigation in American Education Financing

美国教育财政资助平等性诉讼与充足性诉讼是两类不同的诉讼。在宪法依据上，平等性诉讼主要依据联邦宪法和州宪法中的平等保护条款，而充足性诉讼则主要是依据州宪法中的教育条款。在诉讼目标上，平等性诉讼追求的是形式意义上的平等，而充足性诉讼追求的是实质意义上的平等。两种诉讼也存在着内在的相互关联性，在司法实践中常难以截然区分。

The equity litigation cases and adequacy litigation cases in American Education Financing are two different kinds of cases. In terms of constitutional basis , the equity cases primarily are based upon the equal protection clauses in the federal and state constitution, whilst the adequacy cases are based upon the educational clauses in the state constitution. In light of the litigation aims, the equity cases pursue the equality semantically whilst the adequacy cases pursue the equality materially. The two sorts of cases are interlinked inherently and are difficult to distingulish in judicial practice.