PISA测试的"情境"及其带来的启示——大型国际教育评价项目对"情境"的述评

Study on Situation in PISA and its Implications——The Review of Situation in Large-scale International Assessments in Education

PISA测试的引入让我们看到了一种完全不同的命题和考试方式，其中最为突出的一个特点就是强调试题的"情境"，即试题与现实生活的联系。"情境"是PISA试题的一个重要方面。与此同时，许多大型国际教育坪价项目也强调试题的"情境"。虽然， PISA 和这些大型国际教育评价项目在"情境"的定义、分类、分布和操作化上既有共同点也有不同点，但我们可以从中得到一些启发，如需要对"情境"进行明确清晰的界定，视具体学科、测试形式和学生年龄确定试题的"情境"，以及将"情境"操作化等等。

The introduction of PISA survey brings us a new style of question-setting and testing. As one aspect of PISA question, situation is one of the most obvious characteristic of PISA and it refers to the relationship between the test question and real life. Meanwhile, other large-scale international assessments also pays attention to the situation of test questions. Although there are similarities and differences in the definition, classification, distribution and operationalization of situation between PISA and other large-scale international assessments, we can get some inspirations from them, such as to define situation clearly and explicitly, determine the situation according to subjects, test forms and ages, and operationalize the situation.