斯多亚精神及其教育意义

Spirit of Stoicism and Its Educational Significance

斯多亚学派哲学是整个希腊化罗马时代最重要的哲学流派之一。该学派的悖论性来自其所汲取的思想资源的复杂性。斯多亚精神强调理性、世界主义和道德理想主义，主张“按照自然生活”与积极尽职责于家庭和国家，并重视伦理—治疗学。斯多亚精神反映在教育思想上，突出表现为对苏格拉底道统即唯智主义的强调，并带有明显的人文文化色彩，强调人道思索与公民责任，关心将修辞和美德以及有价值的事物联系起来，要求雄辩家在演说中承担伦理教育的任务，传达那些将社会凝聚在一起的高贵思想，并通过触动人的情感来激发他们的赞美和深刻的奉献。相对知识的传授来说，斯多亚教育思想更关注“人”的特性，重视人格完善，尤其强调人的品德培养对于社会和人生的价值，并蕴涵了西方绅士教育理想的渊源。其对后世西方教育的积极影响值得深入研究。

The Stoic School of philosophy was one of the most important schools of philosophy in the Hellenistic-Roman times. The paradox of this school came from the complexity of ideological resources.The Stoic School emphasized reason, cosmopolitism and moral idealism, proposed the idea of "living according to nature" and actively doing one's devoir to family and nation, and valued the ethics-therapeutics. Their spirit reflected in education thoughts was their emphasis on the Socrates orthodoxy, namely, the intellectualism. The Stoic School education thoughts were colored with obvious humanistic culture, emphasizing the humanitarian thought and civic responsibility, concerning about the connection of rhetoric and virtue to valuable things, requiring orator in his speech to undertake the task of ethics education, conveying those noble ideas that promote social cohesion, and inspiring people's praise and commitment by touching theirs feelings. Compared with conveying knowledge, Stoic education thoughts focused more on the feature of "people" ,attached great importance to the perfect personality, especially the value of moral cultivation for society and people's life, which implies the origins of western gentleman education ideal. The positive impact of Stoic School on the western education is worthy of in-depth study.