民国初期教育厅制的建构及争论

Establishment of the System of the Education Department and the Debate in the Early Years of the Republic of China

鉴于教育科事权过小及义务教育亟待普及的事实，1914年地方教育界向中央政府提出了设立教育厅的要求。教育厅制的建构过程虽因政局动荡、经费无着、省官制调整、审查受阻等因素的影响而遭遇了重重阻力，但经地方教育界呼吁及教育总长范源濂、众议院议员等人奔走，教育厅制于1917年得以出台。教育厅制颁布后，地方与中央围绕教育厅合法性、经费、权限、厅长任命等一系列问题展开了激烈的争论，致使教育厅的设立颇为艰难，进而制约了教育厅作用的充分发挥。

Given the facts that the power of education office was too weak and the compulsory education was desiderated to be popularized, the local education world proposed the central government to set up educational department in 1914.The establishment process of the system of the education department encountered heavy resistance due to the influential factors like political unrest, lack of funds, provincial bureaucracy adjustment and blocked review. Even though, the system was introduced in 1917responding to the call from the local education world and the efforts of the education minister Fan Yuan-lian as well as some members of the House of Representatives. There was a heated debate between the local and the central governments on a series of issues around the education department: the legality, funds, powers and director- generals' appointment, etc. This caused the establishment of the education department rather difficult and restricted the role of the education department into full play.