从杜威的经验观探析中国传统语文教学经验

Analysis of the Traditional Chinese Teaching Experience Based on Dewey's View of Experience

中国传统语文教学实践的基本经验是什么？这个问题目前还有很大的探究空间。从杜威的经验观来看，经验是有机体与环境交互作用的过程；这个过程有主动和被动的两个方面，二者相辅相成，由此给予有机体各种刺激，使有机体在实践中获得反思，建构经验。观照中国汉语文教学的传统经验发现，教师自己的学习和研究实践是开展教学的重要前提；优秀教师以此为参照，激励学生也积极地展开自觉的实践和反思，创造自己的新经验；在这个过程中，师生为反思的魅力所吸引，投身于“教学相长”的情境中，这也就是理想的“乐学”境界。

What is the basic experience of traditional Chinese teaching practice? Little attention has been paid to this question. According to Dewey's view of experience, experience is an interactive process of a living being and its environment. The process consists of active and passive aspects. The two aspects supplement each other and stimulate the living being in a variety of ways to make the living being reflect in practice and construct experience. Analysis of the traditional Chinese teaching experience found that the learning and research experiences were important prerequisite of teaching practice; outstanding teachers, based on their learning and research experience, motivated students and actively practiced and make self-reflection to create their own new experience; during the process, teachers and students were attracted by the glamour of reflection and entered in the situation of "teaching benefits teachers as well as students" , which is the ideal state of "happy learning" .