“转折”：二年级学生发展的主题词——基于北京高校学生发展调查数据的实证分析

Transform: Keyword of Sophomore Year Empirical Study on Survey Data of College Students’ Development in Beijing

二年级学生发展研究是整个大学阶段学生发展研究的薄弱环节。本研究建构了以独立性形成和目标规划发展为两个维度的二年级学生转折发展指标，通过对北京市22 所高校3828 名二年级本专科生的问卷调查和相关研究揭示了二年级学生转折发展的情况。研究发现，从高校特征来看，来自民办高校、一般本科院校、工学的男生未完成转折的比例更高；从家庭背景特征来看，来自农村、父亲受教育程度较低的非独生子女未完成转折的比例更高。所以应以这些完成转折有困难的群体为学生工作的主要对象。未完成转折的学生在学业成就和能力发展方面处于劣势地位，而帮助学生完成转折对二年级学生发展具有重要影响，能够显著提高个人学习成绩、促进各方面能力的发展。所以研究提出了高校二年级学生工作开展的具体路径：增加师生之间、同伴之间的互动，提高高校部分学生工作、教学和行政服务工作的质量，让学生更满意，从而有效地帮助他们顺利完成转折。

Sophomore development research is the weak link of the entire university level student development research. We constructed a sophomore transform framework, with indicators including independence formation and purpose development as two dimensions. This study used data of 3828students in 22universities.It was found that, in terms of college characteristics, a higher proportion of male students from less selective private colleges and majoring in engineering had difficulty completing the transformation; in terms of family background characteristics, a higher proportion of students from rural families with many children and lower father's education were less likely to complete the transition. Therefore, special attention should be paid to these groups of students. Unfinished transition led to lower academic achievement and capacity development, and thus helping students go over the turning point in the sophomore year can significantly improve individual academic performance and promote the development of all aspects of capacity. Correspondingly, the paper proposed specific paths for student administration: increase interaction between teachers and students and between students and their peers; improve the quality of college teaching, administration and services; increase students' satisfaction and help them complete the transformation smoothly.