儿童社会退缩行为的影响因素──生态学的视角

Influencing Factors of Children's Social-Withdrawal Behavior--an Ecology System Perspective

以生态系统理论为视角, 考察了环境对儿童社会退缩行为的影响。生态系统中的各个子系统都以各自厂同的方式对儿童的社会退缩行为产生不同的影响。在微系统中, 对儿童社会退缩行为影响较大的为家庭生态系统( 亲子互动 教养方式) 和班级生态系统, 其中班级生态系统又可细分为同伴互动子系统( 同伴接纳 同伴拒绝及同伴欺负) 和师生互动子系统(教师的移情关怀和亲社会行为)。在宏系统中, 文化模式和文化态度对儿童社会退缩行为具有重要影响。未来的研究应该更关注中系统和外系统的影响, 考察微系统的动态变化以及制定系统的干预措施。

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecology system theory, the study examines the environmental influences on children's social withdrawal behavior. In microsystem, the major influencing systems are family ecology system and classroom ecology system. In family ecology system, components like parent-child interaction and parenting style might lead to children's social withdrawal behavior. In classroom ecology system it could be further divided into two subsystems: peer interaction system and teacher-student interaction system. Peer acceptance, rejection and victimization consist of factors resulting in children's social withdrawal while teacher's empathy, warmth and prosocial behavior could help withdrawal children improve their social skills. In macro system, two components are closely related to children's social withdrawal behavior: culture pattern and culture attitude. Further research should focus on influences of mesosystem and exosystem, dynamic change of microsystem and implementation of systematic intervention.