日本初級中國語教材補語的選用與排序研究

A Study on the Selection and Arrangement of Complements in Elementary Chinese Textbooks in Japan

華語句子中的補語成分，因種類繁多、結構複雜，故學習難度極高；但在口語會話中，補語的使用非常頻繁，除了單純包含補語的句子外，「把字句」、「被字句」也總是伴隨補語結構，因而補語是教學中非常重要的一環。日語中因沒有相對應於華語的補語的結構，對日本的學習者來說，補語的習得較為困難。補語的本體研究已有相當豐碩的成果，在教學語法的領域中亦有可觀的成績。然而，究竟哪些補語該編入初級教材，編排的順序又該如何？國別不同選用的方式是不是也有差異？等問題還需要再深入研究。基於國別化的考量，本研究欲探究適合日本學習者的補語教學順序，擬以日本近幾年出版的十部初級中國語教材為範疇，考察當中有關補語作為語法點的編寫狀況，包括選用哪些補語項目？以及排序的方式為何？進而運用筆者日語的專長，輔以教學語法的研究成果，探索日本初級中國語教材中補語編寫的特色及優劣得失，並提出未來教材編寫中有關補語排序的建議。

Complements in Chinese sentences pose a great challenge for non-native learners due to the variation and the complexity of the structure. However, it is very common to use complements in oral conversations; in addition to the sentences containing complements only, the ''Ba-construction'' and the ''Bei-construction'' are frequently applied in complement-structured sentences, making complements an essential part in teaching. Due to the fact that complements in the Chinese language do not have an exact counterpart in Japanese, it could be difficult for Japanese learners to master the usage of Chinese complements. Extensive research conducted on complements has achieved fruitful and significant achievements in the field of grammar instruction. However, what types of complements should the textbooks for novice include and how should the sequencing of such complements be arranged? Is there any difference in the method each country applies? More in-depth research on this is required. Based on the country-based concept, this study aims to investigate the suitable sequencing for teaching complements to Japanese learners. Ten elementary Chinese textbooks published in Japan in recent years are selected as the corpus for the purpose of investigating the compilation of complements as grammar points, including the selection of complements and the methods used to arrange them. Based on the author's expertise in the Japanese language along with the supplementation of the research results in grammar instruction, this paper explores the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the compilation of the complements in the elementary Chinese textbooks in Japan, and puts forward suggestions on the sequencing of complements in future textbook compilation.