世界政治中的失敗國家：概念、發展路徑及重建策略

Failed States in World Politics: The Concept, Development Pathway, and Reconstruction Strategy

自九一一恐怖攻擊事件發生之後，「失敗國家」(failed state)或「國家失靈」(state failure)之議題開始獲得國際關係學界的關注。本文旨在釐清失敗國家問題的發展路徑並且擬定新的重建策略。研究發現如下：首先，失敗國家問題是一種複雜的現象，其間的發展路徑包括四個階段：結構的限制、理性選擇與心理認知因素的混同、政府失靈、以及負面效應擴散。其次，傳統的國際管制途徑無法有效處理失敗國家問題，本文主張以全球治理思維為基礎的「全球和平治理」途徑將是更佳的重建策略。最後，在擘畫全球和平治理的藍圖時，決策者面臨下述問題的挑戰：主權、正當性、衝突平息、制度與體制建構、資金、經濟體制、武器控管、教育、資訊、評比技術、課責性、連結度、透明度等。

Since the 911 attack, a vital challenge of world order and national security, the issue of Failed State or State Failure has been widely discussed. In this article, our research interests are to understand the development pathway of the failed states problem, and suggest a new strategy to reconstruct failed states. Research findings are as followed: First, failed states problem is a complex phenomenon, its pathway consists of four stages: the structure limit, a mix of rational choice and psychological factors, government failure, and lastly, negative effects spreading. Second, this article uses the global governance approach to suggest a new reconstruction strategy for failed states. Finally, when constructing the structure of Global Peace Governance, policy makers face several challenges as follows: sovereignty, legitimacy, conflict settlement, institution building, capital, economical institutions, arms control, education, information, evaluation technology, accountability, linkage, and transparency.