一所全客語沉浸式教學幼兒園的探究

A Study of a Whole Hakka Language Immersion Preschool

本研究主要是探討幼兒園實施全客語沉浸式教學的狀況，以及幼教師在客語沉浸式教學上所面臨的困境，並且探究家長對於客語沉浸式教學的態度。研究對象為屏東縣內埔鄉一所實施全客語沉浸式教學幼兒園，研究方法為問卷調查及深度訪談，針對現場實施客語沉浸式教師採用訪談，探討客語沉浸式教師的教學現況，及其所面臨到的教學困境，並對園所內家長實施問卷調查，以瞭解家長對客語沉浸式教學的態度。研究發現幼兒園能利用主題課程融入客語教學，並採取遊戲課程方式進行，教師與幼兒皆以客語溝通應答，藉此提高幼兒使用客語的頻率，促進幼兒對客家文化的理解。其次，幼兒沒有使用客語的生活習慣是幼教師所面臨到的問題，幼教師必須適時提醒幼兒說客語，幼兒才會將國語轉換成客語；家庭說客語環境是決定客語沉浸式教學成敗的重要因素。至於，家長對客語沉浸式教學態度，幼兒客語說得很流利的家長其對客語沉浸式教學態度顯著高於幼兒完全不會說客語的家長，顯示家長自身客語程度越佳則其對園所客語沉浸式態度越積極且正面。

This study was mainly to investigate a preschool Hakka language immersion program and the difficulties for the preschool teachers, and to explore the parental attitudes about Hakka language immersion program. This preschool Hakka language immersion program was located in Neipu Township, Pingtung County. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were adopted. The teachers in the Hakka immersion preschool were interviewed regarding their instruction difficulties for the program. Furthermore, parents in the preschool were asked to fill out the questionnaire regarding the attitude toward the Hakka language immersion program. Results indicated that whole Hakka language immersion program might be successful in preschools. Teachers designing theme courses with Hakka language into play might stimulate children's attention and interests. Based on a series of courses and only speaking in Hakka during the teaching processes; it might help children to speak more Hakka language and increase understanding of the culture of Hakka. Regarding the difficulties of the Hakka language immersion program, children liked to speak more Mandarin instead of Hakka language; teachers had to remind them in time. Furthermore, the families played an important role for their children's Hakka language learning, teachers were unable to intervene the family, and they could only focus on school education. Cooperation between family and school might assist children to speak Hakka more frequently. Regarding parental attitudes, findings indicated that parents with better Hakka language capacity were more positive toward the Hakka language immersion program.