美国“临床实践型教师教育”的 教育实习模式探析

An Exploration of Student Teaching Model in Clinically Based Teacher Preparation in U.S.A

教师是ー个类似于医学、护理或临床心理学的临床实践专业。为达成培养高效教师的终极目标，美国“临床实践型教师教育”聚焦实践性教育学环节，对教育实习的目标与内容、实习基地学校和指导教师的资格认证均作出了明确规定。为确保教育实习的成效，“临床实践型教师教育”强调相关主体应建立起支持性合作伙伴关系，并尝试搭建全国性的信息网络平台，从而形成具有整体性、连贯性的教育实习体系，以培养高效教师，满足教育需求。

Teacher is a practice-based profession akin to the medicine，or clinical psychology. In order to achieve the ultimate goal of preparing effective teachers， student teaching is considered the most critical element of Clinically Based Model for Teacher Preparation. The goals and content of student teaching for pre-service teacher， the certification of field placement and the mentor are clearly defined. In the student teaching of pre-service teacher， government， universities and schools establish a supporting partnership and facilitate a national data network. Thus， an integrated and relevant system of student teaching is formed， which promotes the professional growth of each stage of the student teacher's professional development.