论教育对道德恶的抵抗

Resistance of Education to Moral Evil

与善对立的恶是属人的，因而是道德恶。道德恶有康德意义上的根本恶、阿伦特意义上的根本恶与平庸恶、鲍曼意义上的理性恶等多种形态。诸多论者以为在恶的诸形态之间没有“共同的本质”，实则不然。对道德恶诸形态的揭示实际上遵循的是不同的标准，如果我们从作恶主体、恶之根源、作恶动机等维度来对恶的诸形态进行查考，就能发现诸形态之间的关联性。教育是向善去恶的事业，但现代教育却面临着阿伦特意义上根本恶的巨大诱惑，存在着滑向根本恶的危险并助长其他类型之恶。教育应该站在去恶的最前线，从应对阿伦特意义上的根本恶开始，去除康德意义上的根本恶，警醒并抵抗平庸之恶、理性之恶。

Evil is against the good and belonging to human beings，so tt is moral evil. Therearevai ous forms of evil，such as Kant’s sense of radical evil，Arendt’s sense of radical evll and banality of evil， and Bauman’s sense of rational evil. Many commentators believe that there is no “common essence” among different forms of evil， but tt is not true . The revelation of moral evils is in fact followed by different standards. We can find the correlation among the various forms if we examine the forms of evil from the dimensions of the agency of evil，the origins of evil，the motivation of evil，and so on . Education is to in- struct people to be good rather than evil. But the modern education is facing a great temptation of Arendt’s sense of radical evil，and there is a danger of sliding to the radical evil and contributing to other forms of evil. In the battle of dispelling of evil，education ought to stand on the front line and deal with Arendt’s sense of radical evil as a start，eliminate Kant’s sense of radical evil，and alert and resist Arendt’s sense of banality of evil and Bauman?s sense of rational evil.