知识建构引领教育创新：理论、实践与挑战———访国际知名学习科学专家波瑞特教授和斯卡德玛利亚教授

Using Knowledge Building to Lead Innovations in Education: An Interview with Professor Carl Bereiter and Professor Marlene Scardamalia

Professor Marlene Scardamalia and Professor Carl Bereirter from the University of Toronto are the leading experts in the learning sciences. They developed knowledge building theories， models， practices， and technologies with their team members. They also proposed knowledge building approaches to engage students as members of a community. They argued that schools need to be restructured as communities in which the construction of knowledge is supported as a collective goal. Knowledge building requires the students to produce and improve ideas collectively to reach a shared goal， so education should shift from treating students as knowledge acceptors in classrooms to treating them as knowledge creators in their knowledge building communities. These create challenges to the traditional educational systems as well as to the teachers to sustain KB innovations. They established Institute for Knowledge Innovation & Technology (!KIT) and conducted studies in knowledge building theories and practices in different levels of schools in Canada and around the world. They designed knowledge forums to support KB， which have been widely used in education， health， business， and professional organizations. In this interview， we introduced the background and features of knowledge building， discussed how knowledge building could advance innovations in educations and challenge both the educational system and teachers， explored the KB applications in China ， and offered the suggestions for conducting KB studies. The future of KB was also presented in the end.