《周易》中的女性外交

Female Diplomacy in The Book of Changes

本文針對〈豐〉初九以及〈小過〉六二兩條爻辭進行分析，由此得知：〈豐〉 卦初九爻辭敘述的是外交聘禮中的聘享夫人，儀式規格與聘享國君本人相等；〈小 過〉六二爻辭敘述的則是外交聘問中的變禮，當國君本人因故不能接見使者時， 夫人或臣子代為接見。這類國君夫人涉足外交場域的禮儀，乃是殷商遺風，被周 禮所繼承。《周易》爻辭中所記錄的女性外交，可概括為夫人外交，這種制度既 考慮了不同情境下的需要，符合《周易》的變動精神，也從人事上再現了「一陰 一陽之謂道」的自然秩序。

Through analyzing two oracular statements in The Book of Changes， Nine the first in “Feng” and Six the second in “Xiao Guo”，we could get some information. First， Nine the first in “Feng” indicates that the first lady， enjoyed the same ritual scale as the lord when receiving envoys. Second， Six the second in “Xiao Guo” indicates the change of envoy visiting. The first lady or the official could receive envoys on behalf of the lord when the lord could not receive envoys by himself. Third， the ritual that first ladies dabbled in diplomacy could be traced back to Shang Dynasty， which was inherited by Zhou Dynasty. The female diplomacy in The Book of Changes could be summarized as “First lady’s diplomacy”，and this system took various situations into account， fitting in with the spirit of change in The Book of Changes， and reflecting the natural law that “Dao contains one Ying and one Yang ”.