初級越南學習者華語聲調學習之研究

The study of learning Mandarin tones by Vietnamese beginning learners

本研究檢視越南初級華語學習者聽音和發音兩方面的表現，觀察聲調學習的正確率高低、偏誤的情形以及影響聲調學習的因素。結果顯示學習者在聽音和發音兩方面的正確率高低以及偏誤形式並不完全相同，聽音和發音的正確率高低排序大致相同，但細部排序則相反；偏誤形式主要有兩個：一個是聽音和發音都呈現一、四聲之間的混淆以及不對稱的互相取代，另一個則是二、三聲在聽音和發音呈現相反的單向性取代。影響聲調學習的因素除了母語的遷移作用以外，還包括目標聲調與其他聲調的差異性以及華語三聲變調規則的影響。

This study examined Vietnamese learners’ performance on Mandarin tones to explore the accuracy rate and error patterns of Mandarin tones as well as factors involving in Mandarin tonal acquisition. The results showed that the accuracy rate and error patterns between tonal perception and production were not exactly the same. In terms of the accuracy rate， the overall ranking orders were the same but discrepant in detailed ranking orders. There were two major error patterns: one was the confusion and asymmetrically mutual substitution between Tone 1 and Tone 4， and the other was the unidirectional substitution between Tone 2 and Tone 3. In addition to the transfer effect of learners’ first language， there were other factors affecting tonal acquisition， including the distinctiveness between the target tone and the other tones in the target language and the influence of the Mandarin tone-sandhi rule.