華語學習者關係子句的習得考察─以語料庫為本的研究

The acquisition of relative clauses in L2 Chinese: a corpus-based study

這個研究主要是觀察學習者語料庫中不同語言能力以及不同語言類 型母語學習者（英、日語）使用漢語關係子句的情況。量化後客觀的結果 與教學建議摘述如後：1. 對英、日母語背景學習者而言，漢語關係子句的 難度差異不大。2. 對英語、日語學習者而言，均顯示賓語關係子句較容易。 建議教學時，先教賓語關係子句。3. 指量詞/數量詞和主語關係子句共現 率高，英語者使用數量詞的比例是日語者的兩倍多。4. 數量詞出現於主語 關係子句中，傾向於前置；出現在賓語關係子句中，傾向於後置。這是個 以語料庫為本的研究，經由學習者自然產出的大量語料分析結果可以和相 關的習得研究做一映照，為漢語做為二語的關係子句習得研究提供另一視 角。

The aim of the study is to observe whether the learners’ production of relative clauses (RCs) in Chinese accords with the SLA research generalization such as noun phrase accessibility hierarchy (NPAH). Different from the empirical method， the study investigates the RCs in more naturally produced compositions by two groups of learners speaking typologically different first languages (L1s): English and Japanese. The consequences include: (1) the difficulty of RCs is not salient for the two groups of leaners， but the types of errors are shown differently caused by L1s. The incorrect position of RCs’ head nouns made by the English learners is three times than the Japanese. (2) The RCs occurs as the object of a sentence more than as the subject. (3) The acquisition of object RCs is easier for both of the two groups. (4) The determiner-measure words (DMs) co-occur with subject RCs frequently than with object ones. (5) DMs often occur in the initial position of the subject RCs; they often immediately precede the head noun of the object RCs. (6) According to the production tendency of the lower language proficiency learners， the effect of word order is higher than the animacy of noun heads or AH prediction.