法庭通譯訓練之需求分析

Needs Analysis for the Training of Court Interpreters

法庭通譯在臺灣是一個新領域，2006 年時，司法院正式針對法庭通譯人才的招募、訓練，進行相關規則的設定及實施。迄今已有九年，惟實務界與教學界之間差距甚大，通譯人員在實務上常常遇到困難，顯示出實務訓練的必要性、教材相關資料的缺乏(Chang, 2013)。本研究對象為已經通過司法院認證資格的法庭特約通譯、法務人員（法官、檢察官、書記官、律師），透過訪談，進行資料收集，前者為現職之法庭特約通譯，他們就其經驗，提供通譯應該接收的訓練內容，分享他們最常處理的案件類型，後者則根據他們與通譯人員合作經驗，認為法庭通譯應該具備哪些能力，並提供在過往處理的案件中，需要法庭通譯協助的案件類型。透過這些資料分析，列出法庭通譯需要加強的訓練內容、項目，並建議課程可採取任務型導向教學(task-based approach)，設計課程的內容與實施方式。希望透過此課程的設計與實施建議，能夠對目前從事法庭通譯、未來有志投入此領域的口譯學生，提供更具體的學習方向。

In Taiwan, court interpreting became a formal practice recognized by the judicial system in 2006. Although certified interpreters are required to meet a certain level of proficiency in their chosen target languages (TL) and are provided with basic training regarding the legal system(s) in Taiwan, the actual practice of court interpreting in the past nine years has been plagued by many internal and external factors. The internal factors stem from the issue of competence. Meeting the language requirement thresholds set by the governing authorities does not mean a certified interpreter has the ability to handle different case scenarios or work in different interpreting formats. The external factors are related to the expectations of the legal professionals who are involved and to their possible lack of knowledge regarding how an interpreter should perform in court (Hale, 2004). In an attempt to address the issue of the deficiencies in court interpreters’ training, this study investigated the learning needs of current, in-service court interpreters through a needs analysis, taking an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) approach. The learning needs of both the interpreters themselves and the legal professionals were examined. The input from in-service interpreters provided insight into their perceived training/learning needs, whereas the interview results from judges, prosecutors, administrative staff and lawyers shed light on the most important qualities and skills needed by a court interpreter. Surveys and interviews were thus used as data collection tools. The findings indicated that future training should focus on cultivating interpreters’ language competence (the acquisition of legal jargon, vocabulary words related to different cases, and formulaic expressions used in court), providing interpreters with actual practice in the courtroom (to acquaint them with court procedures/protocols and the roles of different parties involved), and allowing them to practice with different working formats. Moreover, a task-based approach is suggested for training court interpreters to complete different interpreting tasks.