北京城乡儿童入学成熟水平的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Children's Maturity for Schooling in Urban and Rural Beijing

以《儿童入学成熟水平诊断量表》作为工具，对北京城乡165名5-6岁的儿童入学成熟水平进行测查，结果显示，除了在运动协调能力及学习品质两个维度上城乡儿童不存在统计学上差异外，其它六个维度，即视知觉能力、听知觉能力、知觉转换能力、数学能力、语言沟通能力及社会适应能力，城区儿童明显优于农村儿童。存在这一城乡差距的原因在于幼儿园教育质量、家庭因素、儿童配合度等方面，建议政府加大农村公立幼儿园建设力度、加强农村幼儿园教育质量提升、实施农村家庭教育辅助计划。

The study, adopting the Diagnostic Scale on Children's Maturity for Schooling, measured the school readiness of 165 children of five or six years old in the rural and urban areas of Beijing. The results show that: except physical movement and neutral coordination, and approach to learning, urban children are advantaged in all the other six dimensions, that is, visual perception, auditory perception, perception conversion ability, math readiness, speech and language skills and emotional and social adjustment. The reasons for the gap between urban and rural children could be attributed to the quality of kindergarten education, family factors, and children's level of adaptability. The study further suggests that the government should increase efforts to build public kindergartens and improve the quality of kindergarten education in rural areas, and implement the Rural Family Education Assistance Scheme.