思想政治教育“灌输论”小议

On the Indoctrination Theory in Ideological and Political Education

A theory on indoctrination is spreading in China based on Leninas What Is to Be Done and claims to belong to Marxism. In fact， Lenin only quoted Karl Kautsky^s words about indoctrination in order to refute the Theory of Spontaneous. The Theory of Indoctrination and the Theory of Spontaneous are extremely one-sided. Lenin casted away indoctrination quickly and claimed that educators ought to go to the grass roots and the youth， and instruct them to develop Socialist consciousness through practice. Both Marx and Engels opposed indoctrinating or preaching. From the perspectives of Historical Materialism and Materialistic Epistemology， human cognitions， thoughts and concepts are produced by their material conditions， their life and practice. External factors play a role through internal factors. Paulo Freire， a famous liberationist educator refuted indoctrination in education and advocated dialogue education in Pedagogy of the Oppressed.