民族脊梁: 1933 年“复兴教科书”的 启蒙坚守

National Backbone: the Enlightenment of 1933 Ｒenaissance Textbooks

在“一·二八”事变中惨遭轰炸与焚烧后，商务印书馆提出“为国难而牺牲，为文化而奋斗” 的复业标语，气势磅礴地推出“复兴教科书”。这套书成为20 世纪中国教科书史上编辑校订人数最多、 出版种类最多、经历课程标准最多的教科书，并使用至新中国成立初期。“复兴教科书”是商务印书馆 在日寇猖獗的刺激下，自觉调整启蒙基调，努力思考国家和民族命运的结果。“复兴教科书”积极守望 中华传统文化，弘扬“民族自信力”和“民族精神”，在文化自觉中进行文化创新; 将中华民族生存危机作 为现实关怀，提醒人们“勿忘国耻”和“共赴国难”，明确抗战救亡的全民族性和正义性; 注重儿童体格、 德性、经济、政治的综合训练及能力培养，主张培养出具有“科学素养”和“自动探究”能力的公民，并希 望以此为民族复兴积蓄现实性的支撑力量。

In 1932，the Commercial Press was brutally bombed and burned in“1·28”Incident． In 1933，the Commercial Press compiled and published the Ｒenaissance Textbooks． With the largest number of editors，the textbooks involved the most curriculum standards in the history of Chinese textbooks and were used until the early founding of New China． The Textbooks showed the Commercial Press’considerations stimulated by the Japanese aggressors． It is believed that the Textbooks followed the Chinese traditional culture， enlightening“national confidence”and“national spirit”． In particular，the Textbooks emphasized children’s all － around development，as well as the enlightenment of citizens’scientific literacy and active inquiryin strong support of national rejuvenation．