社会分层、城乡二元与高等教育入学机会分化——基于福建省的实证分析

Social Stratification, Urban-Rural Dualistic Structure and Access to Higher Education: An Empirical Analysis of Fujian Province

基于对福建省六类高校大一新生的问卷调查，本研究分析了不同家庭背景城乡子女的高等教育入学机会差异。结果发现，高等教育机会获得受社会分层与城乡二元结构的双重制约。城乡高等教育入学机会存在显著差异，农村子女相对更难进入大学；城乡不同家庭背景的子女获得高等教育的数量和质量均存在差异，家庭所处阶层越优越，其子女越易获得高等教育机会；父母职业地位不高、文化程度较低、家庭经济状况不佳的农村子女不仅在高等教育入学方面处于最不利的地位，对就读高校的选择上也面临诸多障碍。

Based on a sub -data questionnaire drawing from ＂Research Database of Higher Education in China＂， the paper examines the differences in access to higher education between children from rural area and those from urban area with different family background in Fujian. The results show that access to higher education is restricted by social stratification and urban-rural dualistic structure. Rural students are relatively more difficult to enter universities; there exists remarkable disparity of access to higher education between urban and rural students with different family background; students with good background are more likely to be admitted by good universities; rural students hold less-quantity and lower-quality opportunities to receive higher education; it is more difficult for rural students with lower social background to be admitted by key universities and non-state-run colleges.