村落中的堡垒: 风险社会学视角下的 农村学校与社区发展

Fortress in the Village: Ｒural Schools and Community Development in Ｒisk Society

农村学校面临的风险问题已引起社会的广泛关注。本研究根据在农村地区的实地调查，描述和分 析了学校与之所在的社区对于风险问题的取向、行动与互动。借助于风险社会学理论，研究发现学校与社区对 于风险的判定与承担有不同的立场和解释，处于“有组织的不负责任”的困局中; 在风险的管理与控制方面，学 校教育的唯技术和物质化倾向，以及圈养与封闭的消极保护举措，与社区的“报”与“偿”逻辑产生冲突，造成了 二者的区隔与对峙，并产生了权力的博弈。

Ｒisks faced by rural schools have caused widespread concern in recent years． Based on a qualitative inquiry in rural areas，this paper described and analyzed the orientation of rural schools and communities towards risks and the actions implemented by them． Drawing upon sociological theories of risk，the paper illustrated that schools and communities hold different standpoints and views concerning risk judging and risk taking， resulting in a dilemma of“organized irresponsibility”; meanwhile，the tendency of technicalization and materialization as well as passive protection on the part of the school conflicted with the logic of“pay”and“return” on the part of the community in risk management and control，resulting in an isolation of space and a game of power.