工业4．0时代的高等教育人才培养模式

Higher Education Talent Cultivation Mode in the Era of Industry 4.0

在人类社会的四次工业革命与工业化进程中，大学扮演着不同角色、地位，其办学模式与人才培养模 式亦有差异。在工业1． 0 的“蒸汽时代”，大学仍是象牙塔，人才培养仍然是固守传统的理智训练。在工业2. 0 时 代，人才培养目标由古典大学的培养通才转向培养专才，高度专业化成为主要特点。工业3． 0 时代，人才培养 开始走出过度专业化的误区，形成了半开放式的专业教育与通识教育并重的人才培养特点。工业4． 0 时代，人 才培养更加强调基础化、综合化、个性化、实践化，形成通识教育基础上的专业教育人才培养模式。要适应工业 4． 0 时代的人才培养新模式，高等教育既要向外部开放，更要实现高校内部系科专业的开放、综合与融合。

Industrialization guided the development of human civilization and ushered in a new era of university development． During the four industrial revolutions and the industrialization process of human society， the roles and status of the university changed，and so did its operation mode and talent cultivation mode． In the ‘steam era’of Industry 1． 0，the university was an ivory tower and talent cultivation was restricted to traditional intellectual training． In the era of Industry 2． 0，the goal of talent cultivation changed from cultivating generalists in classical universities to training professionals，with specialization as its main feature． In the era of Industry 3． 0，talent cultivation overcame excessive specialization and a semi-open mode was formed which emphasized both professional education and general education． Now，in the era of Industry 4． 0，emphasizes is put on fundamental， comprehensive，personalized，and practical talent cultivation and a mode of general education-based professional education has been formed． Higher education should not only be open to the outside，but also achieve the opening and integration of different departments within a university． Only in this way can talent cultivation actually adapt to the era of Industry 4.0．