大夏大学与民众教育———以大夏公社、大夏民众教育实验区为中心的考察

The Great China University and Mass Education： Focusing on Daxia Commune and Daxia Education Experimental Area

２０世纪３０年代之后，中国大学开始广泛参与民众教育和乡村教育实验。以往对大学所办教育实验的讨论多集中于教会大学，而对国立、私立等其他性质大学所办教育实验区的讨论尚不充分。位于上海的私立大夏大学将参与实验作为学校的民族复兴教育方针，立足于学校周边社区民众实际生产生活，积极创办起大夏公社、大夏民众教育实验区等实验机构，对改善周边民众生存状态和社区面貌起到了重要作用。在前后相继的实验过程中，大夏大学与周边社区互为依托，互动频繁，同时其间主导者从马宗荣到邰爽秋的变化，显示出学者的流动及其学术观念流变对办理实验区的深刻影响。这也是其所办教育实验区的特别之处。

The universities in modern China had been widely involved in mass education and rural edu- cational experiments since 1930^s. The previous studies on educational experiments mostly focused on missionary universities， not paying full attention to the educational experiments launched by private and na- tonal universities. The Great China University， a private university in Shangha i actively participated in experiments to contribute to national rejuvenation. The university had played an important role in improving people^s living conditions in surrounding communities by setting up Daxia commune and Daxia mass education experimental area on the basis of the residents' actual working and living conditions at that tme. During the process of experiments， Daxia University and the surrounding communities supported and in- teracted frequently with each other； meanwhile， the change of leaders from Ma Zongrong to Ta i shuangqiu reflected the significant impact of scholar mobility and their academic views on the operation of the experiential area， which s also unique to the experiential area.