高等教育大数据分析：机遇与挑战

Big Data Analytics in Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges

高校师生网上互动产生了大量有用的数据痕迹，这些数据可以用来帮助师生更好地适应教与学。数字革命与新技术的发展，改变了高等教育的教学模式，高等教育机构也因此面临着日益复杂的挑战。本文探讨了大数据解决教与学问题的潜能，提出了高等教育大数据分析的概念框架和数据框架；从教师、管理者和学生三种用户和描述性、预测性和规定性分析等方面概述了实施高等教育大数据分析的机遇，提出了大数据有助于高等教育机构产生良好的绩效和过程结果，同时阐明技术、数据存储、隐私安全等方面存在的挑战，提出了高等教育大数据分析未来的发展和实施方向。

Higher education i，s operating in an increasingly complex and competitive environment. It is under increasing pressure to respond to national and global economic， political and social changes such as the growing need to increase the proportion of students in certain disciplines ， embedding workplace graduate attributes and ensuring that the quality of learning programs are both nationally and globally relevant. In addition， different stakeholders expect higher education institutions respond to these demands in a timely manner， albeit with declining government funding， declining support from business and private sectors ， growing regulatory demands for transparency and accountability， and declining admissions rates due to increasing tuition， upsurge in high schools dropout and increasing operational costs. How can higher education respond effectively and timely to global changes that affect their environment? The decisions required for dealing with these rapid changes are complex and many are made without recourse to vast data sources that have been generated but are not available to those entrusted to make relevant and timely decisions. These data can play a major part in how we understand the often contested nature of higher education governance to ensure that institutions are not only able to respond effectively to changes happening within and outside of them， but also remain pertinent to their purposes in the societies that they serve. Thi，s paper ? rst identi? ed the key global trends affecting higher education and explored the potentials of Big Data and Analytics in addressing these changing trends. Secondly ， the paper outlined opportunities and challenges associated with the implementation and governance of Big Data in higher education. The paper concluded by outlining future directions relating to the development and implementation of institutional project on Big Data. The paper also opened up new research areas that can be explored to enrich our understanding of the role of Big Data in higher education.