计算机化自适应测验及应用于规模化考试的主要问题分析

Computerized Adaptive Testing: A Review and Main Problems in Large-Scale Testing

计算机化自适应测验是评估学生个性化能力的有效测评方式，广泛应用于国外的K- 12教育、升 学考试和资格认证中。以考试技术改革为突破口，在规模化考试甚至是未来高考中实施CAT，是促进教学测试 评估和招考改革的有效措施。为此，本研究首先对CAT的技术部件、测试流程、不同类型以及与纸笔考试的异 同进行梳理，并对其在国外教育中的典型应用和存在问题进行深入分析；继而在调研与分析国内中学教育“机考”现状及改革期望的基础上，对未来规模化考试中实施CAT可能出现的社会问题、主体与资金投入、系统与题 库建设、应用与保障机制等问题展开剖析，以期为国内规模化招考方式的改革提供借鉴。

Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is an evaluation method to assess students， individual ability and is widely applied in K - 12 education， Entrance Examination and Certification Exam in foreign countries. If the reformation of the examination technology can be taken as a breakthrough for examination reform， CAT will be an effective way to promote the assessment and enrollment reform for a large - scale testing (e.g.the new College Entrance Examination). This paper explored the technical components， testing procedure and various classes of CAT， and analyzed its typical applications and problems in foreign education. And then the CBT(Computer Based Testing) conditions and reform expectations to CAT in China middle school were investigated and analyzed. Based on the above analyses， five problems of CAT when applied in large - scale examination were further analyzed， such as potential negative social impact caused by CAT， the problem of construction bodies， funding and investment， testing pool construction， and guarantee mechanism.