教育大数据应用：挑战和利用———兼论教育小数据的大作用

Challenges and Opportunities of Using Big Data in Education%2C and the Use of Small Data for Educational Impact

高等教育机构试图利用庞大、复杂、集成的大数据，更好地为学生服务，但大数据在教育领域应用存在误区，比如对边缘群体更有效，数据不能和课堂教学衔接，教师对数据缺乏兴趣，也缺乏利用数据的相应支持。不过，在数据时代，教育界可以利用一些学习分析数据和相关工具，给老师和学生提供优质反馈。本文介绍了美国一所私立大学使用教师评估和课程管理软件的案例，证明一维的“小数据”和“微数据”也可以有效地帮助教师改进教学和学习过程。本文还介绍了学生可以使用哪些数据、工具、方法，提高学习结果。

While colleges and universities seek to utilize big， complex and aggregated data to generate insights to support students ， big data is limited in its use for the design of interventions due to a few limits it inherently has ， including the overt focus on quantitative data， disconnect between university services and classroom teaching， and lack of support for faculty who may not be interested in big data. However， ＂small data＂， one-dimensional teaching and learning analytics， provide quality feedback to teachers and students. In this paper， we will discuss how a small private university uses IDEA evaluations to gather feedback to improve teaching practices， and data from the use of a learning management system ( Canvas) to identify ways to improve student learning by providing formative evaluation for faculty to improve their practices. Towards the end of the paper we will discuss how students can use learning analytics to improve their own learning through self diagnosis， ＂quantified self' behavior data collection and reflection on learning practices.