美國基礎教育體系真的要大改?--奥巴马政府基础教育新法案《每个学生都成功》述评

Will American Basic Education System Be Different? --A Review of “Every Student Succeeds Act” and Its Implication

美国是一个由移民构成的社会，不同种族之间的平等问题一直是美国社会各个领 域的核心问题。2015年12月10日，美国总统奥巴马签署了基础教育新法案《每个学生都成 功》，既延续了 1965年美囯《初等与中等教育法》和2002年《不让一个孩子掉队》法案关注教育 公平问题的精神，又针对《不让一个孩子掉队》法案中出现的问题，如地方教育权利、标准化测 试等方面进行了修订。对我国教育改革而言，这意味着世界教育进入了一个质量与公平同等重 要的时代。任何国家的教育改革都必须符合其社会文化传统，必须要信任教师、依靠教师；同 时，政治决心很重要，教师队伍建设也很重要。要更加重视国家价值观教育，在数字化时代进一 步推动混合式学习。

America is a society composed of immigrants， equality between different ethnic groups has always been the core issue of all areas. On 10 December 2015， U. S. President Barack Obama signed “Every Student Succeeds Act，it’s not only a continuation of equity focus in ESEA in 1965 and NCLB in 2002， but pay more at-tention to revise NCLB in 2002 in terms of local authorities， standard test and ect. ESSA shows that quality and equity are eternal themes of education reform worldwide， and education reform in any country must coincide with local social and cultural tradition， as well as trust and rely on teachers. Political willingness is a key factor， and high quality teacher always deserves investments. In addition， national identification and blended learning should be promoted in the digital age.