“苏格拉底问题”及其教育意蕴———基于列奥·施特劳斯的视角

The Problem of Socrates and Its Educational Implications ： Based on Leo Straus's Perspective

列奥·施特劳斯对阿里斯托芬、色诺芬和柏拉图等古典作家作品中苏格拉底形象的分析，揭示了“苏格拉底问题”生成和演变的过程。“苏格拉底问题”从根本上说是政治与哲学的关系问题，是自然哲人苏格拉底向政治哲人苏格拉底、自然哲学向政治哲学转向的问题。基于这一分析，“苏格拉底问题”的教育意蕴在于，应从教育对象上区分“精英”和“大众”，从教育方式上区分“显白”教诲和“隐微”教诲，从教育目的上区分“善人”和“好公民”。“苏格拉底问题”的教育意蕴指向自由教育。自由教育是一种传授整全知识的文化教育，通过阅读经典著作，与伟大思想家进行对话的形式，既培养尊重政治和法律的“好公民”，又培养追求智慧和美德的“善人”。

Leo Strauss?s analysis of the images of Socrates in the works of Aristophanes， Xenophon and Plato indicates the process of generation and evolution of the Problem of Socrates. The Problem of Socrates s essentially the problem of the relation between politics and philosophy. It is the Problem that Socratic who had been a natural philosopher became a political philosopher， and his philosophy shifted from natural philosophy to political philosophy. Based on this analysis， the educational implications of the Problem of Socrates are that distinctions between elites and masses should be made in terms of education receivers ； exoteric teaching should be distinguished from esoteric teaching in terms of educational methods； and good man and good citizen should be distinguished in terms of educational aim. The educational implications of the Problem of Socrates is liberal education， which teaches whole knowledge， cultivates good citizens who respect politics and laws and good men who pursue wisdom and good virtue in the form of communicating with great thinkers by reading their classics.