智慧学习环境下学生科学探究心智技能的培养

Research on Cultivating Elementary Students' Scientific Inquiry Intellectual Skills in a Smart Learning Environment

进入“互联网+冶时代，教育信息化迈入了智慧化教育的新阶段。随着智慧教育理念的发展与人才培养模式的创新，在智慧学习环境中培养学生思维能力与创新能力已成为时代的新诉求。其中，科学探究能力越来越受到人们的关注和重视。科学探究心智技能对人们在科学探究活动中认识客观事物、解决问题以及科学思维能力的发展有重要意义。小学中高年级是心智技能发展的最佳时期，为了在这一关键时期更好地培养小学生的科学探究心智技能，本研究通过文献研究，以心理学、教育学相关理论为指导，对小学生科学探究心智技能的形成阶段、电子书包的支持作用以及心智技能的测量评价进行深入研究，设计了小学生科学探究心智技能的构成指标与相关评价量表，提出了小学生科学探究心智技能形成的“原型判断—原型定向—原型操作—原型内化—原型评价冶五段论，构建了智慧学习环境下小学生科学探究心智技能训练模式。在此基础上，本研究进行单组前后测时间序列准实验研究，并在三次实验后对被试进行访谈。实验的前后测数据和访谈结果表明，该模式在提升科学探究元认知技能、发展学生科学探究思维、强化科学探究活动知识等方面效果显著。

In the age of the “Internet+冶，education informatization is entering a new phase as smart education. With the development of the concept of smart education and the innovation of talents cultivation mode， it has become a new demand of the times to cultivate students' thinking ability and innovation ability in the smart learning environment. Scientific inquiry as an important learning ability is getting more and more attention. Scientific inquiry intellectual skills have important significance for people in understanding objective matters， solving problems and in the development of scientific thinking ability. Medium and high graders in primary schools are in their best period to develop intellectual skills. In order to cultivate elementary student's scientific inquiry intellectual skills in this key period，this studyexplored the formation stages of intellectual skills， the supporting function of E-schoolbag and the measurement and evaluation of intellectual skills based on literature review and research of related theories on psychology and pedagogy. The study put forward the assessment indicator system and scales of intellectual skills in primary school scientific inquiry， and proposed the five stages theory of intellectual skills formation in primary school scientific inquiry which includes ＂ prototype judging＂ ， ＂ prototype orientating＂ ， ＂ prototype operating ＂ ， “prototype penetrating＂ and ＂ prototype evaluating＂ . Base on this five stages theory， this study further constructed a training model for cultivating the intellectual skills of primary students in scientific inquiry under smart learning environment.Empirically，this study selected Class Two， Grade Six in an electronic schoolbag experimental school in Guangzhou as the experiment class. From September 2015 to November 2015， a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental researchwas conducted. During the experiment， the experimental treatment was conducted for three times. After each experimental treatment， the sample was tested using questionnaire. And after all of the experimental treatments， an in-depth interviews about the impact on smart learning environment to the intellectual skills was made to the sample. Through the analysis of pretest-posttest data and the discussion of in-depth interview materials， the model was proved to have a significant effect on improving the cognitive skills of scientific inquiry， developing students' scientific inquiry thinking， and strengthening the knowledge of scientific inquiry activities.