城镇化进程中的户籍制度改革与教育机会均等--如何深化异地中考和异地高考改革

Reform of Household Registration System and Equality of Educational Opportunity in the Urbanization Process： How to Deepen the Reform of High School Entrance Examination and College Entrance Examination in Immigrant Areas

教育机会均等是促进教育公平、社会公正的基础。城乡二元户籍制度决定着教育公共服务的分配 关系，对城乡居民实行歧视性的差别对待，主要表现在异地中考、异地高考问题上。异地中考、异地高考的改 革，必须与户籍制度改革、中小学生学籍管理制度改革、居住证制度改革、教育投人体制改革、农村转移人口市 民化成本分担机制改革等协同推进、有效对接。否则，异地中考、异地髙考的改革难以深化和持续，也难见显著 成效。本文重点探讨了当前深化异地中考、异地高考改革的一些具体措施，以及这些改革与户籍制度改革的内 在联系。

Equality of educational opportunity is the basis for promoting educational equity and social justice. The urban-rural dual household registration system determines the distribution of public educational services and the discriminatory differential treatment of urban and rural residents. This is mainly manifested in the high school entrance examination and college entrance examination in immigrant areas. Reform of the two examinations in immigrant areas must be undertaken in collaboration with reforms of the household registration system， student registration management system in primary and secondary schools，residence permit system，educational investment system，and cost sharing mechanism for urbanization of rural immigrants， so that these reforms can promote the development of one another. Otherwise? it will be difficult to deepen and continue reform of the high school entrance examination and college entrance examination in immigrant areas and difficult for the reform to achieve any significant effects. This paper focuses on some specific ways of deepening the reform and the internal relations between the reform and the household registration system reform.