美国教育技术企业实践的问题与趋势———《TechTrends》期刊教育技术实践人才访谈述评

Issues and Trends of Educational Technology Industry Practices in the U. S. :Review of Conversations with Innovators in Techtrends

美国教育传播与技术协会主办的杂志《技术趋势》(TechTrends)2014 年设立了“对话学习和技术 领域创新人才冶栏目，至今访谈了四位在教育技术实践领域卓有成就的创新人才。本研究在对这四篇访谈梳理 分析的基础上，广泛查阅美国教育技术企业实践的相关文献后发现:企业已成为美国教育技术领域的主要实践 场地，但企业实践面临教学设计理论指导不够，预算和资源等的限制，反馈循环缺乏，从系统教学设计模型到敏 捷迭代模型转移的困难和新技术的挑战;面向未来，游戏与教学设计相结合、社交媒体、移动学习、学习分析和 MOOCs 的广泛应用将成为教育技术企业实践的发展趋势。

Educational Technology offers broad areas for practices. In order to advance the field， we should also pay close attention to its practices. TechTrends， a journal issued by AECT for many years， set up a column called “Conversations with innovators in learning and technology＂in January 2014. Since then， four practitioners in the field of Educational Technology have been interviewed and asked to share their experiences. Based on existing literatures on Educational Technology business practices， the author analyzed four practitioners－opinions and found that business / industry has become the major workplace for graduates majorred in educational technology. However， practitioners working in corporateas in the U. S. also encounter lots of difficulties， which include lacking adequate theoretical guidance from instructional design， being holding back due to lack of a good feedback loop， failing to keep up with increasing complexity of the environment， emerging technologies that post new challenge to instructional designers， as well as contextual constraints as important factors that affect the design process. Future trends of industry practices in the field of educational technology in the U. S. will focus on the use of educational games， social media， mobile learning， learning analytics and MOOCs. In order to optimize learning， instructional designers should learn to integrate new technologies into training in a systematic and balanced way. Therefore， more studies are in need of the impact of new technologies on learning and using diverse technologies in industry contexts. At the same time， industry practices of educational technology in China have been expanding. More and more graduates majorred in educational technology choose to work in industry， and HPT has been known by more and more people working in business / industry environment. However， current research and talent development still can’t meet the need of markets. Facing such a huge gap， we as future researchers and practitioners should take serious considerations as to where we should go and what we should do， in order to prepare students－future employment and meet the demands of enterprises. The field of educational technology is in constant change. Its theories and practices also need constant upgrading to promote learning and improve performances.