清华大学毕业生就业状况及影响因素分析

Employment Status and Associated Factors: Analysis Based on a Survey of Newly Graduated Students from Tsinghua University

本文基于对清华大学2014年本硕博毕业生就业市场调查，总结其就业单位、收人、福利状况，并结 合其个人特征分析就业市场表现的决定因素。统计发现，清华毕业生绝大部分进人了政府、国企和事业单位等 “体制内”单位，其收人要低于“体制外”单位收人，但解决户口比例更高。有一半毕业生对收人并不满意。进一 步的回归分析发现，英语成绩和专业对收人的影响最为显著，英语成绩好的更容易进人高收人行业。学历对收 人没有显著作用，因为学历越高越倾向于进人体制内工作，而体制内收人相对低，抵消了学历可能的正面作用。

Based on a survey of newly graduated students from Tsinghua University， we summarized their employment status， income， and employment benefits， and analyzed factors affecting their labor market performance. Descriptive statistics showed that the vast majority of Tsinghua graduates opted to work in state-owned enterprises and institutions， where the average income was lower but the graduates we~e more likely to be granted perman~nt urban residence (hukou). Half of the survey respondents were not satisfied with their income. Regression results indicated that English proficiency and one's major at Tsinghua had significant impacts on income， as graduates with high English proficiency had better chances of working in employment sectors with higher average income. Level of education had no significant effect on income， since graduates with higher levels of education ( i. e. ， masters and doctors) were more likely to work in state-owned enterprises and institutions， where the average income was relatively low， probably offsetting the positive effect of level of education.