能力、整合、自由：斯坦福大学21世纪本科教育改革

Ability%2C Integration%2C and Freedom: Reform of Undergraduate Education at Stanford University in Twenty-First Century

从2010年开始，斯坦福大学对其本来就已经非常卓越的本科教育开展了本世纪的首次研讨和审 核，目的是总结经验、探索改革和完善之路，使本科教育适应当今高等教育多元化和全球化快速发展的特征。 经过两年的研究，斯坦福大学于2012年出台了具有重要影响的《斯坦福大学本科教育研究报告》，拉开了新一 轮本科教育改革的序幕。本文对斯坦福大学此次改革过程、改革理念以及实施方案进行了梳理，将斯坦福大学 此次改革的特征总结为四方面:首次倡导和实施“适应性”学习，重塑本科教育目标;通识教育从基于“学科”模 式向基于“能力”模式转变;整合学生大学就读经历，从课程学习走入现实生活;给学生创造更多的自由学习机 会，从“有限选择”到“多元选择”。文章最后还阐述了斯坦福大学改革对我国本科教育发展的启示，即聚焦能力 培养、整合教育经历、创造自由学习氛围，最终实现创新人才培养的目标。

Since the beginning of 2010， Stanford University has researched and evaluated its already very outstanding undergraduate education， to keep pace with the rapid development of higher education diversification and globalization. Two years later， The Study of Undergraduate Education at Stanford University was published and has since exerted an important influence on Stanford undergraduate education and become a prelude of a new round of reforms. This paper examined the ideas and the process of the Stanford reform and summarized four features. First， the reform reshaped the goals of undergraduate education and promoted adaptive learning for the first time. Second， it transformed general education from a content-based model to a capacity-based model. Third， it integrated the education that students receive in the classroom and the world they live in. Fourth， it offered students a wider array of learning choices. The paper ended with a discussion of the implications of the Stanford University reform for undergraduate education in China. That is， we should focus on capacity cultivation， integrate educational experiences， and create a free learning environment so as to achieve the goal of fostering creativity in students.