纪律与自由：西点军校教育特色研究

Discipline and Freedom：A Study of the Educational Characteristics of West Point

西点军校较好地解决了纪律与自由这个“两难问题”，严格纪律管理下培养出大批崇尚自由、富有个 性、具有批判性思维和创造力的卓越人才。西点军校培养的是“完整的人”而不是“战争机器”，在培养目标上兼顾 德、智、军、体等诸多方面，用灵活的纪律替代死板的纪律，体现出纪律与自由的统一。不同于相对封闭的军队，西 点军校实行开放办学，创造条件鼓励学员与外界接触，在自由环境下通过多样化的沟通交流培养学员的纪律意识。 打破狭隘的专业限制，西点军校长期坚持通识教育，这促进了学员在自由意志下自觉地、主动地认同纪律，形成服 从意识而又避免机械刻板教条主义。

West Point has solved the “dilemma” between discipline and freedom. Under the strict disci- pline management， it has cultivated a large number of liberal， individualistic， critical and creative talents. The training goalof West Point is the “whole person” rather than “war machine” ； and tt covers moral， wisdom， military and physical aspects. Instead of rigid disciplines， the flexible disciplines in West Point reflect the unity of the discipline and freedom. Diferent from the relatively closed military， West Point has opened the school， created conditions to encourage students to contact with the outside world， training students' sense of discipline through diversified communication in a free environment. Breaking the limitation of specialized education， West Point has adhered to general education for a long time. This makes the students identify with the disciplines at their own will. In this way， the students build their awareness of being disciplined and avoid mechanical rigid dogmatism.