父母教養方式與國中學生自我觀念的關係

Impact of Parental Attitude on Self Concept of Adolescents

近年來,我國的社會結構快速的在改變中,從以農業生產為主的社會走向工商業繁盛的社會,於是家庭結構也隨著改變,小家庭制度成為家庭結構的新型態。在此種小家庭制度中,子女所接觸的範圍較小,不若在傳統社會中除父母及兄弟姐妹外同時還受到許多尊長及親屬的影響。因此,親子關係對子女人格發展的影響更為重要 。不過在今天的小家庭制度下,家中的父母皆忙於工作,子女都須求學或謀職,家庭觀念逐漸沖淡,生活重心偏向名利,親子間的關係也容易產生問題。根據台灣省警務處與台北市警察局近十年來對少年犯案件的調查,歸納其統計分析結果,有幾項是值得注意的。一則是少年犯罪人數有逐年增加的趨勢,二則是少年犯對成年犯的人數比率也有顯著增加,三則是導致少年犯罪的因素,家庭因素佔百分之五十三,而其中又以家庭父母管教不當佔絕大多數,家庭貧困卻非主要原因。本研究的目的乃在探討父母教養方式的兩個基本層面「關懷」、「權威」與國中學生自我觀念的關係,並分析由此兩基本層面交織而成的四種不同的父母教養方式是否使國中學生的自我觀念有差異,最後歸納研究結果,提出結論與建議。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the perceived parental attitudes toward childrearing practices and the selfconcept of adolescents. Six hundreds and thirteen adolescents from six junior middle schools in Taipei City were selected as subjects. A Parental Childrearing Behavior Questionnaire by the writer, the Chinese Revision of the Tennesee SelfConcept test were administered to the subjects in regular class settings. The data obtained were statistically treated luy analysis of variance, Scheffe method of Multiple Comparisons.
The main findings of the study were as follows:
1. The loving dimension of parental childrearing behavior had more impact than its demanding dimension on the selfconcept of adolescent.
2. Adolescents of warmrestriction and warmpermission parents were better than adolescents of hostileauthoritarian and hostileneglectful parents in their selfconcept.
3. The demanding dimension of childrearing behavior of mother had more impact than fathers on the selfconcept of adolescent.